The Definitions of Financial Intermediaries in the economy - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1913 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Economics Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? Definitions of financial intermediary is financial institutions accept money from the depositor or investor funds and borrowers, and the relationship between the income for those seeking in their capital and those seeking credit. Financial intermediaries including savings and credit unions, architecture and loan association, savings Banks, commercial Banks, life insurance companys credit departments and investment companies. Besides that financial intermediaries are the institutions which are intermediaries between savers and investors, moving funds between the two. Examples include banks, insurance companies, credit unions, mutual funds, pension funds, and finance companies. In addition, the 1999 Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act(GLB) authorized the creation of financial holding companies (FHC) that are allowed to engage in a wide range of financial services, including banking, securities, and insurance activities. Bank is a financial intermediary channels for the equ ivalent of a deposit-taking and lending practices, either directly or through the capital market. Banks to provide capital deficit of connection, can provide a residual value. Banks generally is a high standard of standardized industry, government restrictions on the media-bank financial activities, time and place of evolution. The current international bank capital standard is called the new Basel. In some countries such as Germany, banks, historically, have a professional stake in industrial enterprises in other countries like the united States prohibit banks have non-financial companies. Definition of financial institutions is as private or government is state-owned organization that, broadly speaking, presents two behavior of a kind of fund it is the savers and borrowers supplier and customer of capital. Two main types of financial institutions with increasingly fuzzy boundary is first keep banks and credit cooperatives savings to pay interest on the loan from profit, a nd second is non-depository insurance companies and mutual fund raising money, by selling their policy or stock by units are provided to the public the profit cycle efficiency and profits payable. Financial intermediaries are divided into two types, that is depository institutions and non-depository institutions. The separation is based on the type of account or liability the institution issues. Appendix E contains a chart which illustrates financial intermediaries by type and sources and uses of funds. Depository institutions obtain their funds primarily from deposits from the public. Examples of these institutions include commercial banks, savings and loan associations, savings banks, and credit unions. From a consumers perspective, depository institutions now all provide similar banking services such as car loans, credit cards, home equity lines of credit, mortgage loans, checking accounts, and time deposits. Demand and time deposits account for most of depository instit utions liabilities. Banks are the largest of the depository institutions, accounting for 23 percent of the total assets of all financial intermediaries in 2000. Savings institutions (S Ls) and credit unions combined accounted for approximately six percent of the total assets of financial intermediaries in 2000. There are three major types of non-depository financial institutions first is Contractual Savings Institutions, second is Finance Companies and last is Investment Intermediaries. Examples of contractual savings institutions are include insurance companies and private, state, and local government pension funds. These institutions enter into contracts with customers that are long-term financial arrangements. Insurance or pension payments are usually set for a fixed period of time. Second is finance companies, these companies borrow in the financial markets and lend to businesses and consumers. Included in this group are auto finance companies which are often called ca ptives. Captives are owned by the automobile manufacturer which offers credit to their customers to purchase the automobiles they produce. In total, these companies were about four percent of the industry, as measured by assets, in 2000. Last are investment intermediaries. Examples of investment intermediaries include mutual funds and money market mutual funds. These investment intermediaries are a fast growing sector of the financial industry. In 1970, mutual funds and money funds were small. By 2000, they controlled more than 23 percent of financial institution assets. In financial institutions transfer of capital between savers and those who need capital take place in the three different way, these is direct transfers of money and securities, investment banking house and financial intermediaries. An investment bank is a kind of financial institutions to help individuals, large enterprises and government through the financing of underwriting and as a representative of cli ents in securities combinations. Financial intermediary is a financial institution connection surplus and deficit agent. The classic example is the banks financial intermediary bank deposits, make into bank loans. Financial intermediaries the entire process, some asset or liability is converted into different asset or liability. So financial intermediaries channel money from those who have extra money depositor to people who may not have enough money to carry out a desired activities. In the United States, financial intermediary is a typical mechanism design, let us borrowers and financial institutions of funds between of indirect impact. That is to say, saver rate providing funds to an intermediary institutions such as bank, and the institutions to fund. This may be in the form of loans or mortgages. Or, they can put money directly through financial markets, called financial intermediaries For the company of investment Banks also participate in merger and acquisition, and the provision of ancillary services such as market manufacturing, trading derivatives markets, fixed income instruments, foreign exchange, commodities, and equity securities. Telegraphic transfer money or credit transfer is an electronic funds transfer from one person or institution to another place. A wire can be made by a bank account to another bank account or cash through transfer funds of the office. Different telegraphic transfer system and operators offers a variety of options relative to directly resolve and finality and cost, value, and volume of trade. The central bank wire transfers systems, such as the Federal Reserves Fed Wire system in the United States are more likely to be summarized calculate RTGS real-time system. The fastest system to provide RTGS available funds, because they provide direct instant and finally publish irrevocable solve GDP into complete of electronic accounts telegraphic transfer system operation. Other systems provide such as chip net s ettlement, regularly. The more direct settlement system tends to monetary value higher requirement high transaction process, with high transaction costs, and small volume of payments. Currencies exchange risk because market volatility may decrease direct solution. Securities for money, for the purposes of item, include such things as Euro currency paper, bills of exchange, promissory notes and face value vouchers where the voucher can be redeemed for cash. Securities for money are sometimes exchangeable for cash but always represent a value to the holder. They are often held in place of a debt. The types of investments in financial intermediaries specialize is depository institutions provide mortgages, make loans to businesses and consumers, and invest in United States government and other securities. Insurance companies and pensions funds are the contractual savings institutions, these is receive much of their funds from long-term contracts. Since they have a predictable, long-term flow of funds, contractual savings institutions can invest in longer-term assets, without fear of loss of liquidity. Thus, these intermediaries invest in corporate bonds and stocks, as well as U.S. government and state and local municipal securities. Life insurance companies also make commercial mortgage loans. Finance companies make business and consumer loans. Automobile manufacturers often have their own finance companies called captives, which provide credit to customers who purchase their particular make of automobile. Some finance companies are a source of credit for higher risk borrowers who cannot qualify for loans from depository institutions. Investment intermediaries, as the name implies, invest in stocks and bonds, and, in the case of money market mutual funds, in short-term money market instruments. Caused the changes in market share of different types of financial intermediaries over the last three decades is shifts in market shares of the different types of financial intermediaries represent an interesting example of the adjustment of financial markets and institutions to changing economic and regulatory conditions. At the end of the 1970s, short-term market interest rates rose with inflation. However, banks could not pay market interest rates because regulators maintained ceilings on the interest rates banks could pay depositors. In response to this opportunity, money market mutual funds became popular. These money market mutual fund accounts, issued by investment firms, paid market interest rates to small savers by pooling investor funds and purchasing financial instruments. These investments provided savers with higher interest rates than regulated accounts such as passbook savings accounts. Consumers rapid acceptance of money market mutual funds suggests that that the higher market interest rates compensated for the lack of deposit insurance on these products. In the 1980s and 1990s, mutual funds were able to broa den their appeal to savers by offering a wide array of stock, bond, and money funds designed to appeal to savers. During the 1990s, the upswing in the stock market typically generated higher returns on stock funds than the market interest rates banks paid on time and savings deposits. As a result of these higher returns, the mutual fund industry, including money market funds, now accounts for more than one-fifth of financial institutions assets. The difference between direct and indirect investment is indirect investment occurs when people and businesses borrow and lend through financial intermediaries. Direct investment occurs when people and businesses borrow and lend directly rather than through intermediaries. Today, many large corporations borrow and lend directly in the financial markets without going through a financial intermediary because they can get better rates by borrowing or lending directly. Commercial paper, a short-term unsecured promissory note issued by a la rge corporation, provides a good example of direct investment. Corporations might buy commercial paper directly from another firm as an investment rather than putting their funds into a bank that holds commercial paper in its portfolio. Corporations also borrow directly, with guarantees from banks, in the commercial paper market rather than borrowing from a bank. Similarly, small savers often buy Treasury securities directly rather than putting funds into a bank which holds Treasury securities in its portfolio. Besides that, last is a mutual fund. Mutual fund are corporations that accept money from savers and then use these funds to buy stocks, long-term bond, or short term debt instruments issued by business or government units. Conclusion: Definition of mutual funds is open mode fund investment company operation raise shareholders in one group and investment assets, in accordance with the prescribed objectives. Mutual fund raise money by selling stock fund to the publi c, like other types of corporations can sell stock itself is open to the public. Mutual funds and then put the money they receive from the sale of their shares and use it to buy all kinds of investment way, such as stocks, bonds, money market instruments. In exchange for funds, they to buy shares of stock, fund in shareholders receive a copy of the international monetary fund equity position, in fact, each of its securities. For most common fund, shareholders are free to sell their shares at any time, although the price mutual-fund shares will fluctuate daily, depending on securities held in the performance of the fund. Mutual fund benefits include diversity and specialized fund management strategy. Mutual fund provide choice, liquidity, and charge fees and convenient, but often need at least investment. An enclosed fund is often incorrectly called mutual funds, but actually is a kind of investment trust. There are many types of mutual funds, including the aggressive growth fu nd, fund asset allocation, balanced fund, adjustable fund, a bond fund, capital appreciation fund, cloning funds, close fund, stock fund, crossover fund and tax free. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Definitions of Financial Intermediaries in the economy" essay for you Create order

Episode write up on product operation management Movie Review

Essays on Episode write up on product operation management Movie Review Task Episodes write up on "product operation management† Introduction The product operation management entails the procedures that are followed when the item is undergoing the manufacturing process, each of which is determined by the type of product being made. The product design and the steps in the production process are determined by the process planning and design of the factory. The process planning engineers determines the functions of each process as well as the plant location and the layout. Material handling procedures and processes used must ensure the most economical use other factors of production. The product operations management problems vary from one product to another. How to make an axe In the episode How an Axe is made, the interesting aspect of the product operation is that an axe began as a simple sharp-ended stone, but its improvement involved adding a simple handle that made it better by giving the axe much impact. It is interesting that the increased technology has not replaced the use of axe in chopping wood or meat. How it is made begins at as a high quality cylinder, which is subjected t intense heat to make it pliable as it is shaped by a powerful press and it is also pounded to give it a shape. It is subjected to series of dykes to give it its shape and to cut the extras. It is taken to another stage in which it is placed in another ramp to press it into a shape. They are placed on a revolving rack to cool off. A dozen are put into a tumbler and tossed about with tiny steel pallets to smooth their rugged edges. The back of the axe is then pressed against the sanding belt and the ides of the edges are pressed to smoothen it. Both sides of the cutting edge are sharpened too. The neck of the axe is also smoothened against a powered sanding belt (Baldur, pp 120). They are then deepened to a special solution heated to harden them, and quench them in warm oil, and the temperature change hardens the axe. Pre-punched leather and wood are assembled to make the handle. The rings get smaller towards the neck of the axe to give it a customized handle and to give it a grip. An assembly plant is used to insert the lower side of the axe which has been lubricated by wax. The base of the handle is flattened to give it the grip and an abrasive belt is used to shape the leather to make the layers smooth. The ends of the steel are then smoothened using the sanding belt to create a glossy sheen to make the axe good on the job. How to make Pencils Color pencils come in a variety of shades but the he product process begins with a pigment concentration that determines the quality. The colored pencil does not contain any lead but contains pigments, minerals and binding agents. Colored pencils starts with a combination of pigments every shade has a specific pigment recipe. A large quantity of shade is produced as a batch at a time and to have color recipe, the ingredients are weighed. A specific quantity of water and additives are boiled, a binding agents are added, with waxes and gums are added to it. The ingredients is mixed with hot water forming a paste, and mixed with the pigment. The next machine mixes the paste into a fine one and intensifies the color and the particles are moved by a conveyor belt and are compressed and are fed into another machine. The paste is compressed into a continuous straight forming a diameter of the pencil lead. The next machines shapes the pencil lead which are bathed into a chemical waxes which coat it with color pigments. The lead is then subjected to quality test including quality test and durability test to ensure each has one hundred yards of writing. The exterior color is also made like the one of the color inside. The pencil is then branded with the company name and rolled in an abrasive wheel to sharpen them. The pencils are then packaged and inspected for quality (Baldur, pp 140). How to make a Sword A sword is an age-old weapon, producing a medieval sword like that of the knight of the shining armor. The product operation management of making a sword begins with a piece of high carbon steel is placed in a fixture and a computer guided blade cuts the shape of a sword, with all the specifications of the original. After an hour of carving, a plank of sword emerges. The plank is submerged into a hot liquid soft which eliminates the excesses created by the carvings and the blade is then plunged into a cooling liquid in a process called quenching, which is interesting due to the sudden change of temperature. A belt grinder is used to give the blade its shape and to sharpen its ages. To test its strength they strike a metal barrel with it but the sword never chip. The sword guard is then shaped and the smoothened against a sand belt to make the final blade smooth (Baldur, pp, 156). Conclusion The process of making each item involves a series of processes and procedures which are undertaken to move the item from the raw material to the stage when it is a final product. The production process approached through the most appropriate planning process to ensure smooth flow of production processes so that bottlenecks are avoided in the production process. Work Cited Baldur, Raj.  Production and Operation Management. New Delhi: Book Enclave, 2008.

Preschool Age Free Essays

During preschool age, physical growth begins to slow down. It is much slower than it was during infancy. Children at the early childhood stage, children start to become taller and leaner as they mature. We will write a custom essay sample on Preschool Age or any similar topic only for you Order Now They will look more like adults than like infants by the end of early childhood. â€Å"During the ages two to six, children make great strides in the development of gross motor skills, which involves the large muscles used in movement â€Å"(Rathus, 2017). At four years old, she has a more complex physical development using both gross and fine motor skills. She has greater control over large muscles, such as her arms and legs. She is also able to coordinate multiple tasks at the same time, such as singing and building blocks as opposed to when she was a toddler. She is much more coordinated in her play than the younger children around her. In early childhood, children appear to acquire motor skills by teaching them selves in observing the behavior of other children and adults† (Rathus, 2017, p. 255). Thus, fine motor skills develop more gradually. Fine motor skills are all the small muscles used in manipulation and coordination. Control over the wrist and fingers enable children to, write, dress themselves and in her case the ability to stack blocks. While observing the child’s use of language, her comprehension and use of words is more sophisticated, she can make sentences and can understand what others are saying. She can talk in clear speech. She is quite self-assured and can understand the concept of conversation. Her language is more mature, her memory and imagination has developed and she is able to think more symbolically. Children’s language skills develop radically during the preschool years. Between the ages of three and five, egocentric speech starts to disappear. The child’s conversational language starts to show sensitivity to the listener, for example, the subject was taking turns talking and listening to her fellow classmates. By that age of four years old, some milestones children develop are the ability to ask adults and each other questions, taking turns talking, and partaking in longer conversations. â€Å"They have vocabulary of 1500-1600 words. They’re speech is fluent and their articulation is also good. Children can use five or six words in sentences and can now coordinate two sentences together† (Rathus, 2017 p. 301). How to cite Preschool Age, Papers

Keep Moving On - I Did. free essay sample

I’ve been moving for as long as I can remember. I’ve moved between houses, states, beliefs, interests – countless aspects of my life have been colored by movement. Motion has defined me. Childhood saw me moving between favorite Disney movies, adoring Beauty and the Beast at one moment and plaguing my parents with incessant requests to play Cinderella’s â€Å"Bibbity Bobbity Boo† on road trips the next. I moved between dreams as well – my first ever dream career, as evidenced by old, crayon-colored pieces of yellowing paper from my pre-school years, was the President of the United States. In elementary school, however, I decided I would be a teacher, then an author, then a dolphin trainer or a marine biologist, and so on. My mind never fully settled; I always remained open to new possibilities. Reflecting the apparently nomadic state of my mind, my geographic location changed as well. On March 27th, 2003, I first stepped foot outside of the McCarran International Airport to sullenly greet the new frontier of my life: Las Vegas. We will write a custom essay sample on Keep Moving On I Did. or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page With my first glimpse of the chaotic vortex of flashing neon lights in every direction that the Strip famously offers, I was aware of the stark contrast between my new location and the old. Resistant at first, I learned during my six year stay to adjust my point of view accordingly, coming to love the sparse and rugged beauty of the desert and surrounding mountains. I left my old assumption that my hometown was the only true â€Å"home† I could ever have behind. Slowly but surely, I matured. When the time came to move again, this time to a suburb of Chicago relatively close to the one we had previously migrated out of, I understood that movement was a fact of my life, and of life in general, and that embracing such a life would ultimately improve me as a person, even though it would be difficult. Movement is difficult, because the underappreciated arts of resilience and flexibility are, it would seem, learned rather than inherent. Nevertheless, change is vital to progress. I’ve moved between Ben Franklin’s classes of people, too. I like to think that I can be immovable when the situation calls for it. I will never allow anyone to convince me, for example, that the effort of people to move forward and improve their society is futile. I will remain firm in my objective to make some sort of positive impact on the world. In another sense, I’m movable. I will be swayed by a strong, evidence-based argument. Moreover, even before my birth, the people of the past had moved me. The achievements of many a thinker and explorer carried me to the current vantage point at which I stand. I owe much to the â€Å"movers† of the past. To honor them, I intend to join their journey of progress by dedicating my life to the pursuit of knowledge and insight – to progress. In other words, I will be a mover.

AP English Language Glossary Flashcard

AP English Language Glossary

Vocabulary Describing Physical Characteristics

Vocabulary Describing Physical Characteristics These words are used when describing people and their physical characteristics, including nouns and adjectives. Each word is placed into a related category and example sentences are used to provide context.   Age baby - Everyone goes through a lot of diapers when they are a baby.toddler - Toddlers take their first steps around the age of two.child - Having a child is one of the great joys in life.teenager - Many teenagers have to deal with a lot of stress because of testing.teens - I played a lot of sports in my teens.thirties/forties/ fifties - Most people have settled down by their forties.young man/woman - That young man was very kind and gave me directions.youth - We need to develop some more sports programs for the youth. middle-aged (man/woman) - That middle-aged man asked me for directions.elderly (man/woman) - Take time to listen to an elderly woman. Shell teach you a lot.early  /mid/late - He looks like hes in his mid-twenties.about - Shes about thirty years old.thirtysomething - She told me that shes thirtysomething. Describing How People Look / Seem good-looking - Hes a good-looking doctor with a wife and two kids.beautiful - The beautiful actress turned to the cameras with a glowing smile.pretty - He fell in a love with a pretty girl from Las Vegas.cute - That guy is really cute! Whats his name?handsome - The handsome actor was famous for his love of riding horses.glamourous - The glamorous couple climbed onto their private jet and flew to Paris.elegant - Shes an elegant woman with lots of poise.sophisticated - He was a sophisticated man who enjoyed many different hobbies.ugly  - I look so ugly today! Why dont these pimples go away!hideous - I havent slept in three days. I must look hideous.unsightly - Hes worried that the scar is unsightly.   Build fat - Unfortunately, Peter has become rather fat in his old age.overweight - Many Americans are overweight these days.slim - Hes that slim guy standing next to Peter over there.thin - Angela is tall, thin and very beautiful.skinny - Many people might say that models are skinny these days. Thats very different from being slim.plump - If you drink a lot of beer, youll certainly become plump.stocky - Hes a tall, stocky guy that looks like a lumberjack.well built - Todd is very well built and looks great in a suit.   Complexion pale - If you spend too much time indoors, you might become very pale.tan - After two weeks on the beach, he was very tan.clear - I was happy that I finally had a clear complexion when I become twenty.good - He has good skin. I think hed make a great model.spotty - Older people often have spotty skin on their hands.pimpled - I walked through the crowd of pimpled teenagers and knew I was in the wrong place!freckles - The freckles on your cheeks make you so cute!spots - I cant get rid of these spots on my hands.pimples - I had so many pimples when I was a teenager. It drove me crazy! Facial Features on Men mustache - Curly mustaches are coming back into fashion in places like Portland.clean-shaven - Most men in this city prefer a clean-shaven look these days.beard - Some men wear a beard because theyre lazy and dont want to shave. Hair long - Alice has long blonde hair.short - I like to wear my hair short during the summer.shoulder length - She has beautiful black shoulder-length hair. She looks like a movie star.black / red / brown / grey / silver - Tom has thick black hair.blonde - Hollywood tends to prefer blonde women for certain types of roles.brunette - I have brunette, shoulder-length hair.white - Hes gone complete white in his old age.curly - She likes to wear her hair curly.spiky - Some punks like to wear spiky hair.

Lit Review Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Lit Review - Case Study Example The intent of this brief analysis will be to understand whether or not the way in which humanity currently interacts with the internet is on the whole helpful or harmful – or whether it exhibits key aspects of what can be understood to be an unhealthful and addictive relationship of dependence. The ultimate stakeholders that the research will be attempting to impact will be the parents of children in society that can have the ability and decision making power to constrain the amount of time that these young people spend online; thereby forming positive life habits that will doubtless be exhibited in their own future life. Through such an analysis, this student would like to engage the reader with information concerning how parents must engage in definitive forms of action in order to ensure that subsequent generations do not grow up to become zombie-like internet addicts with poor communication skills and poorly socialized. Even though the intended audience is aware of the fac t that social media addiction is of importance, the discussion will focus upon presenting a literature review that focuses specifically upon the ills of addiction as it relates to social media. Likewise, the psychology of addiction has long been of particular interest to psychologists and professionals from a variety of different fields. Traditionally, addiction has been understood in terms of well-known substances and behavior addiction of many varieties. However, regardless of whether or not an individual understands addiction as being genetically predisposed or environmentally conditioned, the fact of the matter is that addiction is a very real element of the human psyche. Moreover, addiction spans far beyond the relevance of understanding such a term in its traditional context (Sands 60). What is meant by this is that research into addiction has oftentimes been focused around discussing well-known addictive substances: such as tobacco, alcohol, street drugs

Federal Government Housing Policies Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Federal Government Housing Policies - Term Paper Example The contemporary housing assistance plans involve the comparatively flexible grants for the state as well as the local governments. This is done so as to assist the homeless people, build up reasonably priced housing and offer support to the first-time buyers. This was also done to encourage community development as well as more planned, direct support programs that would assist in providing low-priced apartments and even rental vouchers to the deprived families, managed through quasi-public, local public and the private intermediaries (McCarty & Et. Al., â€Å"Overview of Federal Housing Assistance Programs and Policy†). The main objective of the paper is to analyze the housing policies adopted by the federal government related to the mortgage and funding system. With this concern, the discussion of the paper will intend to identify the strategies implemented by the federal government persuade lenders and low-income borrowers in dealing with highly risky loans and mortgages. Furthermore, the paper will analyze the role of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac in the recent sub-prime crisis of 2008. Government Policy Intervention The condition of extreme and mispriced mortgage liability is the main reason behind the current boom in the housing markets. It is not possible to understand the unusual character of this particular cycle without recognizing the parts that links the policies on the demand-side as well as the supply restrictions. The boost in the housing prices was positively aggravated by the policies that facilitated cheap credit, especially for borrowers belonging to the low-income group. With the increasing prices, the enterprises those were government-sponsored, started becoming quite insistent in assisting lending activities. This significantly contributed to the rising prices of households (Glaeser & Gyourko, â€Å"Rethinking Federal Housing Policy†). During the early period of 1980s, the subprime lenders such as Household Finance Corp along w ith thrifts like Long Beach Savings and Loan provided funding services for home equity. They also provided services frequently for second advances to borrowers whose credit record was still to be recognized or even had financial records that were disturbed. At times it mirrored setbacks like divorce, unemployment, medical emergencies etc. Rates of interest charged on the subprime mortgages with considerable collateral which was the house were not as soaring compared to the car loans and also quite lesser than the credit cards. The benefits of the mortgage were coagulated and intensified in the year 1986 over the various other varieties of debt with the assistance of the Tax Reform Act. This act excluded taking away of the interest payments on the customer loans, whereas, the subtraction was retained in relation to the payments for mortgage interests (Stanford University â€Å"Subprime Lending†). Throughout the period of 1980s and the beginning of 1990s, prior to computerized â€Å"credit scoring†, a statistical method that was utilized to gauge the credit value of a borrower, initiated the evaluation of risk and mortgage lenders along with the subprime lenders depended on other attributes at the time of underwriting mortgages. During the period of 1990s the mortgage companies as well as the banks along with the securities organizations of the Wall Street

India as a Potential Market for Tim Tam Biscuits Essay

India as a Potential Market for Tim Tam Biscuits - Essay Example The BRIC countries refer to a group of four large, developing countries; Brazil, Russia, India and China. These countries, given their demographic and economic potential, have the potency to catapult into the world’s largest economies of the world. Home to over 40 percent of the world population and having recorded impressive growth rates in their gross domestic products (GDPs), these countries are on the radar for most companies willing to expand their businesses. This paper analyzes the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT) of Arnott’s in the Indian competitive market space. The marketing mix as well as the marketing strategy with regard to segmenting, targeting and positioning for the Indian market, the chosen BRIC country for expansion, has been detailed in the paper. The paper establishes that the competition in the Indian biscuit market is intense, however the Tim Tam biscuits, with their good taste and appropriate positioning on the health plank can carve out a market for themselves in India. It has been suggested that Arnott’s should give the marketing rights to sell its Tim Tam biscuits to one of the leading operators in the FMCG sector in India. Later, the company can set up its wholly owned subsidiary in India to manufacture and market its Tim Tam brand. Introduction Arnott's is a household name in Australia. In existence for the last 146 years, Arnott's is not just a food company; it’s a national icon and an integral part of the Australia’s history. Business Leverage Arnott's has emerged as one of the largest food companies in the Asia Pacific region. With Campbell Soup Company of the United States making investments in Arnott's, the latter is poised to take its growth levels to a new high. Primary Areas requiring planning for Arnott’s Arnott's is a market leader in the Australian biscuit market with a market share of 65 per cent and a ‘household penetration’ of hundred percent . Australia and New Zealand, put together, account for 80 per cent of Arnott’s business. These existing markets do not provide Arnott’s the prospect of stellar growth in the future. At this juncture the company has to further expand in the international market. The biscuit manufacturer exports its produce to Japan, United States, Canada, United Kingdom, Indonesia and Tahiti. Arnott’s has to plan and take decisions on the following aspects if it is to succeed in its endeavor of expansion in international market: a) Which country should it choose to sell its products? b) What should be the mode of entry in that country? c) What should be the company strategy with regard to STP (Segmenting, targeting and positioning)? d) What should be the marketing mix in that country? Selection of Country Brazil, Russia, India and China, collectively known as the BRIC countries are the four largest developing countries of the world. These countries, given their demographic and ec onomic potential, have the potency to catapult into the world’s largest economies of the world. Home to over 40 percent of the world population and having recorded impressive growth rates in their gross domestic products, these countries are on the radar for most companies willing to expand their businesses (Oakley 2009). Goldman Sachs estimates that China  would become largest economy of the world by 2050, while India, Brazil and Russia would capture

A Case Study On Different Anxiety Experiences Nursing Essay

A Case Study On Different Anxiety Experiences Nursing Essay Anxiety experiences different in everyone in different times, its a normal response to actual danger, promoting the body through stimulating of sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system will be helpful action. (Springhouse, 2007). Anxiety affects our whole being. It affects how we feel, how e behave and has very real physical symptoms. It feels a bit like fear but whereas we know what we are frightened of, we often dont know what we are anxious about. Mild anxiety is vague and unsetting-severe anxiety can be extremely debilitating (Medical News Today, 2010). Acute pain it is not good sign about tissue damage, (Gulanick et al., 2010). 1- How can you manage Everts pain? As a nurse, the following can be done to manage Everts pain: Anticipate need for pain relief: early analgesic intervention helps to decrease pain. We have to respond to pain complain as soon as possible: early respond to patients complaining of pain its help to decrease anxiety and on other side its help to make a trust relationship. Trying to eliminate the addition of stressor or comfort as we can: help patient to tolerate the pain either these elements from environment, intrapersonal, or intrapschic factors. Make an good atmosphere of comfort, relaxation, and sleep: we have to help patient to be in good atmosphere to take a rest and sleep comfortably because some patients experiences of pain may will put them in fatigue condition, so we have to put him in darkroom and disconnected his phone (Gulanick et al., 2010). 2- What can you do to alleviate Everts anxiety? The following interventions can be done to alleviate Everts anxiety: Anticipate need for pain relief: early analgesic intervention helps to decrease pain. We have to respond to pain complain as soon as possible: early respond to patients complaining of pain its help to decrease anxiety and on other side its help to make a trust relationship. Some of cognitive behavioral strategies as follows: Images: if patient use his mental images its help to distract stress and pain with using all his five senses. Distraction techniques: heighten ones concentration upon nonpainful stimuli to decrease ones awareness and experiences of pain and reduce stress such as nerve stimulation and breathing modifications. Use the relaxation exercises: its important for patient to decrease attention and pain. Use breathing exercises. Using Music Therapy in treatment: the music therapy works well on patients. Its apart of treatment team (Mount Munro, 1978). 3- Why was Everts wife so worried the Evert did not eat? Should you treat with IV nourishment? Everts wife was worried because Evert might suffer from dehydration and malnutrition, and this will cause electrolyte imbalances and his condition will be aggravated by this, his health will deteriorate more rapidly. As a nurse the treatment plans for Evert to restoring fluid and correcting any electrolyte imbalances. Early treatment intervention its help to prevent any potentially life threatening such as hypovolemic shock (Gulanick et al., 2010). 4- Make a nursing care plan for Evert. Explain and motivate you suggested nursing intervention in according with the four key areas listed in the introduction? A. Assessment: defining characterized: Evert verbalizes pain, especially in connection with moving, narrowed focus such as withdrawal from social and physical contact, relief or distraction behavior( seeking out staff to do activities), restless, anxiety manifested, expression of helplessness, and inability to procure fluid and food. B. Nursing Diagnosis: actual diagnosis: acute pain related to severe anxiety. Nursing outcome: Evert will be enable adequate relief of pain when moving or ability to deal with the pain are not fully satisfied. Evert is able to recognize signs of anxiety. Risk diagnosis: risk for fluid volume deficit related to inability to procure fluid and food. Nursing outcome: sufficient fluids volume and electrolyte balance as evidence by urine output grater than 30ml/hr, consistency of weight, and normal skin turgor (Gulanick et al., 2010). C. Nursing Intervention: 1. Assess pain characteristics: Quality as example sharp, burning, and shooting. If we want to measure the level of severity from 1 to 10, with 10 level it is more sever to patient. Location according to anatomical description, onset if its gradual or sudden. Duration for how long is it intermittent or continuous (Gulanick et al., 2010). 2. Administer parenteral fluids as ordered: the nurse must give patient IV fluids as needed and as ordered, challenge with intermediate infusion of fluids for Evert who is unable to procure fluid and food (Gulanick et al., 2010). 3. Assess patients and help them to recognize the sign and symptoms of anxiety: it is important for patients to be able to know and recognize the sign and symptoms of anxiety, which will help Evert to be able to solve his sign and symptoms when anxiety level is low (Gulanick et al., 2010). 4. Relieving factors. Monitor the patient signs and symptoms with pain: Like Heart Rate, Temperature, Blood Pressure, skin color, restlessness, and patient inability to focus. Some patients ignoring sign and symptoms of pain when occur. The patients must inform the nurse about these sign and symptoms because it well helps the nurses in evaluation (Gulanick et al., 2010). 5. Assessing the main causes of pain: it is important for doctors and nurses to look to the causes of pain because the different causes having different treatments (Gulanick et al., 2010). 6. Assess the patient knowledge regarding pain relief strategies: a lot of patients may not realize how effective non drug method on them either with or without pain killing medication. So, we have to explain to them this point carefully (Gulanick et al., 2010). 7. Evaluate patients regarding response to pain medications or therapeutics: it is important to give patients chance to tell nurse about his expression regarding pain medication, and also let him to talk about effect of medication on him (Gulanick et al., 2010). 8. Assess patients from cultural, intrapersonal, intrapsychic, and environmental degree factors which are share to relief pain: these factors will affect patients expression on experiences, for example some cultural you have complete freedom to express how you fell (Gulanick et al., 2010). 9. Evaluate what is the meaning of pain to individuals: it is important to all patients to know the meaning of pain because if he doesnt know it will affect him to response (Gulanick et al., 2010). 10. Assess patients regarding expectation of pain relief: it is important for nurses to know patients expectations regarding pain relief either the pain decreased or pain disappeared. Because these patient expectation will help the nurse to know either the pain relief or need to participate in another treatment (Gulanick et al., 2010). 11. Assess patients if they would like to explore some other techniques to control pain: it is important to patient to know that there is many ways of pain relief (Gulanick et al., 2010). D. Evaluation: Evert manifests adequate relief of pain, recognizes sings of anxiety, and demonstrates positive coping mechanism. Everts urine output greater than 30ml/hr, weight is consistent and with normal skin turgor (Gulanick et al., 2010). FOUR MAJOR AREAS: Symptoms Control: A palliative approach, involving attention to symptoms control and the psychological, social and spiritual wellbeing of the patient and their family is relevant at all stages of the disease, and it has been argued that attention to these aspects combined with understanding of the patients feelings and concerns all contribute to improving quality of life of the person with acute pain (Montazeri et al., 1998). The principles of symptom control, which are used as standard by clinicians include: assessment of the symptom, understanding the meaning ascribed to it by the patient, explanation of the likely cause, investigation should only be undertaken if they will change the course of action to be followed, institution of treatment based on known or likely etiology, available options for treatment, and wishes of the patient, monitoring of the response to treatment and modification as necessary ( Steinhauser et al., 2000). Communication: make a good relationship between nurse and patient which well make patient comfortable in communication. Trying to orient the patient to the environment and help him to take experiences from people as needed, and also when the patient is aware and oriented very well it will help him to be comfort and may will decrease anxiety. Help the patient to express anxious felling if the patient has ability to describe them. (Gulanick, 2010). Teamwork: during assessment pain in patient, contributions from the multidisciplinary team is very important to evaluate the following: a detailed history of each pain, full examination, and psychosocial assessment, a history of analgesics already used and the response to them, investigations to confirm the diagnosis, depending on the stage of disease and the treatment options (Ripamonte et al., 1997). Perception of pain will be influenced by the meaning of pain for the patient. Open discussion among team members, family and patient, allowing fears to be discussed, providing explanation of the symptoms and reassurance of continued support is important (Twycross, R. G, 1993). Family: the nurse must teach patient and his/her family about intervention regarding inadequate intake, and explain to him the importance of intake such as drinking fluids and eating food. Explanation of the importance of the rationale and intended effect of treatment program to alleviate pain, diminish anxieties (Gulanick et al., 2010).

Sentence Structure :: essays research papers

Independent Clause (IC) An independent clause is a group of words that contains a subject and verb and expresses a complete thought. An independent clause is a sentence. Example: Jim studied in the Sweet Shop for his chemistry quiz. (IC) Dependent Clause (DC) A dependent clause is a group of words that contains a subject and verb but does not express a complete thought. A dependent clause cannot be a sentence. Often a dependent clause is marked by a dependent marker word. Example: When Jim studied in the Sweet Shop for his chemistry quiz . . . (DC) Dependent Marker Word (DM) A dependent marker word is a word added to the beginning of an independent clause that makes it into a dependent clause. Example: When Jim studied in the Sweet Shop for his chemistry quiz, it was very noisy. (DM) Some common dependent markers are: after, although, as, as if, because, before, even if, even though, if, in order to, since, though, unless, until, whatever, when, whenever, whether, and while. Connecting dependent and independent clauses There are two types of words that can be used as connectors at the beginning of an independent clause: coordinating conjunctions and independent marker words. 1. Coordinating Conjunction (CC) The seven coordinating conjunctions used as connecting words at the beginning of an independent clause are and, but, for, or, nor, so, and yet. When the second independent clause in a sentence begins with a coordinating conjunction, a comma is needed before the coordinating conjunction: Example: Jim studied in the Sweet Shop for his chemistry quiz, but it was hard to concentrate because of the noise. (CC) 2. Independent Marker Word (IM) An independent marker word is a connecting word used at the beginning of an independent clause. These words can always begin a sentence that can stand alone. When the second independent clause in a sentence has an independent marker word, a semicolon is needed before the independent marker word. Example: Jim studied in the Sweet Shop for his chemistry quiz; however, it was hard to concentrate because of the noise. (IM) Some common independent markers are: also, consequently, furthermore, however, moreover, nevertheless, and therefore. Proper Punctuation Methods This table gives some examples of ways to combine independent and dependent clauses and shows how to punctuate them properly. IC. IC.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I went to the store. I didn't buy any bread. IC; IC.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I went to the store; I didn't buy any bread. IC, CC IC.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I went to the store, but I didn't buy any bread.